Chhath Festival in Nepal
Introduction
Chhath is a major Hindu festival observed mostly in Nepal's Terai area, as well as in the Indian states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Jharkhand etc. It is dedicated to Surya, the Sun God, and Usha, the Goddess of Dawn. Chhath is a four-day celebration that is one of the most prominent festivals in the region. The celebration is traditionally held in October or November, six days after the festival of lights, Diwali. The inhabitants of the Maithil community, who have a large cultural presence in Nepal, commemorate it with tremendous zeal and dedication. People from different communities and castes, however, also attend the festivities. The word "Chhath" means "sixth" in Maithili, referring to the festival's commemoration on the sixth day of Kartik, the Hindu month. The main ceremonies of Chhath take place around sources of water such as rivers, ponds, or tanks, when devotees gather to pray to the Sun God.
The rituals of Chhath involve rigorous fasting and strict discipline. Devotees observe a period of abstinence and perform a series of rituals, including taking a holy bath, known as Nahay Khay, in the river or pond early in the morning. They then offer prayers to the rising and setting sun, standing waist-deep in water, while facing the east. The offerings include fruits, sweets, and traditional delicacies prepared specifically for the festival, such as rice cakes known as Thekua. Chhath is also known for its distinctive Arghya, a ritual in which devotees make offerings of water to the setting sun. The Arghya is made using small woven baskets made of bamboo, filled with fruits, flowers, and earthen lamps. Devotees sing traditional folk songs and hymns, expressing their gratitude and seeking blessings for the well-being and prosperity of their families. The festival is not only a religious occasion but also a celebration of nature and its elements. It is believed that the rituals of Chhath help in purifying the mind, body, and soul and bring prosperity and longevity to the devotees. The festival also holds social significance, promoting unity and harmony within the community. Chhath is a vibrant festival that showcases the rich cultural heritage and deep spiritual beliefs of the people in Nepal. The rituals, traditions, and festivities associated with Chhath make it a unique and auspicious occasion, eagerly awaited and enthusiastically celebrated by the devotees.
Historical and Cultural Significance
Chhath holds its roots in ancient Vedic traditions and finds mention in various Hindu scriptures. It is believed to have originated during the Mahabharata era and has been passed down through generations, preserving its cultural and religious essence. The festival's significance lies in expressing gratitude to the Sun God for sustaining life on Earth and seeking blessings for prosperity, good health, and longevity.
Rituals and Observances
Chhath is a festival characterized by its elaborate rituals and observances. These practices are deeply rooted in tradition and play a significant role in the celebration of the festival. Let's explore some of the key rituals and observances of Chhath:
Nahay Khay
Chhath is celebrated over four days, and each day carries its own significance and rituals. The festival commences with Nahay Khay, a day when devotees take a holy dip in rivers or ponds before preparing a special meal. This ritual purifies the mind and body in preparation for the festival.
Second Day
On the second day, known as Kharna, devotees observe a day-long fast without water. In the evening, they prepare kheer (sweet rice pudding) and rotis (flatbreads), which are offered to the Sun God and consumed as Prasad (blessed food). Families and communities gather to share these offerings, fostering a sense of unity and togetherness.
Third Day
The third day, called Sandhya Arghya, is the most significant day of Chhath. Devotees gather on the banks of rivers or ponds to offer prayers to the setting sun. They meticulously perform various rituals, including standing waist-deep in water, offering fruits, sugarcane, and sacred vermilion to the sun, and chanting Vedic hymns. The mesmerizing sight of countless earthen lamps floating on the water's surface, illuminating the surroundings, adds to the magical ambiance of the festival.
Fourth Day
The final day, known as Usha Arghya, takes place before sunrise. Devotees once again gather near water bodies to offer prayers to the rising sun, bidding farewell to Chhath. The atmosphere is charged with spirituality as people offer their gratitude, sing traditional songs, and offer prayers for the well-being of their families and loved ones.
Celebratory Spirit and Social Harmony
Chhath is not just a religious festival but also a celebration of unity, harmony, and social bonding. People from diverse backgrounds and castes come together to observe and partake in the festivities. The festival promotes gender equality, as both men and women actively participate in the rituals. Communities organize cultural programs, folk dances, and music performances during Chhath, fostering a sense of shared joy and cultural pride.
Environmental Consciousness
Chhath also carries an essential message of environmental conservation. Devotees use eco-friendly materials for the preparation of offerings and decorations, minimizing harm to nature. The festival creates awareness about the need to protect water bodies, as the rituals involve cleanliness drives and maintaining the purity of rivers and ponds.
Conclusion
Chhath festival in Nepal is a mesmerizing display of devotion, tradition, and cultural richness. It is a time when people come together to express their gratitude to the Sun God, seek blessings, and celebrate the harmonious coexistence of human life and nature. Through its rituals and observances, Chhath serves as a reminder of our deep-rooted connection with the environment and the importance of preserving our traditions. The festival's timeless charm continues to captivate both locals and visitors, making Chhath a unique and cherished cultural event in Nepal.
Versicherungsvergleich
References
1. weallnepal. (t.thn.). Chhat Pooja. Diambil kembali dari weallnepal: http://www.weallnepali.com/nepali-festivals/chhath-parva
2. Katwal, S. (2023, May 21). Chhath Festival in Nepal. Diambil kembali dari stunningnepal: https://www.stunningnepal.com/chhath-festival-in-nepal/
By: Mithlesh Kumar Singh